A mother, mom, mum, momma or mama, is a woman who has raised a child (to whom she may or may not have given birth) in the role of parent. Because of the complexity and differences of a mother's social, cultural, and religious definitions and roles, it is challenging to define a mother to suit a universally accepted definition. The male equivalent is a father.

Biological mother

In the case of a mammal such as a human, a pregnant woman gestates a fertilized ovum. A fetus develops from the viable fertilized ovum or "embryo." Gestation occurs in the woman's uterus from conception until the fetus (assuming it is carried to term) is sufficiently developed to be born. The woman experiences labor and gives birth. Usually, once the baby is born, the mother produces milk via the lactation process. The mother's breast milk is the source of anti-bodies for the infant's immune system and commonly the sole source of nutrition for the first year or more of the child's life.

Non-biological mother

''Mother'' can often apply to a woman other than the biological parent, especially if she fulfills the main social role in raising the child. This is commonly either an adoptive mother or a stepmother (the biologically unrelated wife of a child's father). The term "othermother" or "other mother" is also used in some contexts for women who provide care for a child not biologically their own in addition to the child's primary mother.

Surrogate mother

A surrogate mother is, commonly, a woman who bears an embryo, that is from another woman's fertilized ovum, to term for a couple biologically unable to have children. Thus, she carries and gives birth to a child that is she not the biological mother of. Note that this is different from a woman who becomes pregnant via in vitro fertilization.

Currently, with advances in reproductive technologies, the function of biological motherhood can be split between the genetic mother (who provides the ovum) and the gestational (commonly known as a surrogate) mother (who carries the pregnancy).

Lesbian motherhood

The possibility for women in same-sex relationships to become mothers has increased over the past few decades thanks to new techniques and technology. Modern lesbian parenting originated with women who were in heterosexual relationships who later identified as lesbian as changing social conditions and attitudes provided more options and acceptance for those with homosexual orientations. Another way for lesbians to become mothers is through adopting and/or foster parenting. There is also the option of self-insemination and clinically assisted donor insemination, these are forms of artificial insemination. As fertility technology has advanced, more lesbians have become mothers through in vitro fertilization.

Social role

Mothers have historically fulfilled the primary role in raising children, but since the late 20th century, the role of the father in child care has been given greater prominence and social acceptance in some Western countries.

The social role and experience of motherhood varies greatly depending upon location. The organization Save the Children has ranked the countries of the world, and found that Scandinavian countries are the safest places to give birth, whereas countries in sub-Saharan Africa are the least safe to give birth. This study argues a mother in the bottom ten ranked countries is over 750 times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth, compared to a mother in the top ten ranked countries, and a mother in the bottom ten ranked countries is 28 times more likely to see her child die before reaching their first birthday.

Mothers are more likely than fathers to encourage assimilative and communion-enhancing patterns in their children. Mothers are more likely than fathers to acknowledge their children's contributions in conversation. The way mothers speak to their children is better suited to support very young children in their efforts to understand speech (in context of the reference English) than fathers.

Since the 1970s, in vitro fertilization has made pregnancy possible at ages well beyond "natural" limits, generating ethical controversy and forcing significant changes in the social meaning of motherhood. This is, however a position highly biased by Western world locality: outside the Western world, in-vitro fertilization has far less prominence, importance or currency compared to primary, basic healthcare, women's basic health, reducing infant mortality and the prevention of life-threatening diseases such as polio, typhus and malaria.

Also around the 1970s, Western attitudes towards the role of women and mothers in society began to change. Females were given more opportunities within the workforce and this resulted in more females becoming mothers for the first time at a later age. This trend peaked within the 1990s, but has since returned to a more traditional view point of fathers being the main breadwinner and mothers taking responsibility for the home and children.

US motherhood statistics

Assorted and non-inclusive statistics on motherhood from the US Census Bureau:

82.5 million women are mothers of all ages in the United States.

68% of women aged 15–44 are mothers in Mississippi, considered high in comparison to a national average for same age group of 56%.

82% of women aged 40–44 years old are mothers.

4.0 million women give birth annually, approximately 425,000 were teenage mothers (aged 15–19) and more than 100,000 were aged 40 or over.

25.1 years of age is the national average age of women for their first births, a record high an increase of 4 years since 1970.

40% of annual births are the mother's first. Another 32% are the second-born; 17%, third; and 11%, fourth or more.

35,000 births in 2002 were attended by physicians, midwives or others outside a hospital facility.

55% of mothers with infant children in 2002 were employed, down from the record 59% in 1998, the first significant decline since the Census Bureau began collating such data in 1976. In 1976, 31% of mothers with infants were employed.

63% of employed women with infant children are college-educated.

72% of employed women, between ages 15 and 44 are mothers without infants.

687,000 child day-care centers operated in the USA in 2002. Of these, 69,000 centers employed close to 750,000 workers and another 618,000 were self-employed persons or companies without paid employees. Many mothers use such centers to juggle the demands of motherhood and career.

Religious

Nearly all world religions define tasks or roles for mothers through either religious law or through the deification or glorification of mothers who served in substantial religious events. There are many examples of religious law relating to mothers and women.

Major world religions which have specific religious law or scriptural canon regarding mothers include: Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Some examples of glorification or deification include the Madonna or ''Blessed Virgin Mother Mary'' for Catholics, the Hindu Mother Goddess, or Demeter of ancient Greek pre-Christian belief.

Synonyms and translations

The proverbial "first word" of an infant often sounds like "ma" or "mama." This strong association of that sound with "mother" has persisted in nearly every language on earth, countering the natural localization of language.

Familiar or colloquial terms for ''mother'' in English are: ''Mom'' and ''mommy'' are used in the USA, Canada, South Africa, Philippines, and the West Midlands of England.

''Mum'' and ''mummy'' are used in the UK, Canada, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland.

''Ma'', ''mam'', and ''mammy'' are used in Netherlands, Ireland, the Northern areas of the United Kingdom, and Wales; it is also used in some areas of the United States.

''Maa'', ''aai'', ''amma'', and ''mata'' are used in India and sometimes in neighboring countries, originating from the Sanskrit ''matrika'' and ''mata''

In many other languages, similar pronunciations apply:

''mamá'', ''ma'', and ''mami'' in Spanish language

''mama'' in Polish, German, Russian and Slovak

''māma'' (妈妈/媽媽) in Chinese

''máma'' in Czech and in Ukrainian

''maman'' in French and Persian

''ma'', ''mama'' in Indonesian

''mamma'' in Italian, Icelandic and Swedish

''mamãe'' or ''mãe'' in Portuguese

''mā̃'' (ਮਾਂ) in Punjabi

''mama'' in Swahili

''em'' (אם) in Hebrew

''ima'' (אמא) in Aramaic

''má'' or ''mẹ'' in Vietnamese

''mam'' in Welsh

''eomma'' (엄마, ) in Korean

In many south Asian cultures and the Middle East, the mother is known as ''amma'', ''oma'', ''ammi'' or "ummi", or variations thereof. Many times, these terms denote affection or a maternal role in a child's life.

Famous motherhood figures

Bachue

Bithiah

Demeter

Yashoda

Dewi Sri

Eve

Gaia

Isis

Jocasta

Juno

Kwan Yin

Mary

Parvati

Queen Maya

Sita

Venus

See also

References

Further reading

Category:Family Category:Human development Category:Mythological archetypes Category:Motherhood

af:Moeder ang:Mōdor ar:أم an:Mai arc:ܐܡܐ (ܒܝܬܝܘܬܐ) ay:Tayka az:Ana bn:মা bjn:Uma zh-min-nan:A-bú be:Маці be-x-old:Маці bh:माई bo:ཨ་མ། bs:Majka br:Mamm bg:Майка ca:Mare cs:Matka cy:Mam da:Mor de:Mutter et:Ema es:Madre eo:Patrino eu:Ama fa:مادر fr:Mère gd:Màthair gl:Nai gan:娘 ko:어머니 hi:माता hr:Majka id:Ibu it:Madre he:אמא kn:ತಾಯಿ mrj:Ӓвӓ la:Mater lv:Māte lt:Motina lij:Moæ ln:Mamá hu:Anya mk:Мајка mg:Reny ml:അമ്മ mr:आई ms:Ibu nah:Nantli nl:Moeder nds-nl:Moor (meens) ne:आमा new:माँ ja:母親 no:Mor nn:Mor nrm:Mère oc:Maire or:ମା pnb:ماں pl:Matka pt:Mãe ro:Mamă qu:Mama ru:Мать scn:Matri si:අම්මා simple:Mother sk:Matka (biológia) so:Hooyo sr:Мајка sh:Majka fi:Äiti sv:Moder tl:Ina ta:தாய் te:తల్లి th:แม่ tg:Модар chr:ᎤᏂᏥ tr:Anne uk:Мати ur:ماں vi:Mẹ war:Iróy wuu:姆妈 yi:מוטער yo:Ìyá zh-yue:阿媽 bat-smg:Muotėna zh:母親

Name	Fred Hammond
Background	solo_singer
Born	December 27, 1960
Resides	Dallas, TexasUnited States
Origin	Detroit, MichiganUSA
Genre	Gospel, contemporary Christian, inspirational / worship
Instrument	Vocals, bass guitar
Occupation	Musician, producer
Years active	1985–present
Label	Verity
Website	}}

Fred Hammond (born December 27, 1960 in Detroit, Michigan) is a gospel music singer, bass guitar player, and record producer.

Musical career

The Dove and Stellar award winner has been active both as a member of the gospel performing group Commissioned, and as a solo artist (currently for Verity Records). He is a multiple Grammy-, Dove-, Stellar- award winner and nominee as a performer, producer and writer.

Hammond first gained recognition while playing bass guitar for the gospel group The Winans. By 1985 he was one of the six original members of the group Commissioned, participating in 10 of the group's 12 albums.

After his stint with Commissioned ended, he regained fame in the gospel community after selling millions of albums with his musical group Radical For Christ.

In 2002 Hammond returned to the group Commissioned (now with members Keith Staten, Marvin Sapp, Mitchell Jones, Karl Reid, Michael Williams, and Marcus Cole) to produce the ''Commissioned Reunion Live'' album.

Hammond produced ''Make Me Like The Moon'', a stirring gospel ballad co-written by Chante Moore and Kenny Lattimore for their 2006 double-CD of gospel and R&B love songs entitled ''Uncovered/Covered'' (released October 10, 2006 by LaFace/Verity/Zomba Music Group). He also performs with Sean Combs on the album ''Thank You''.

Discography

Albums

Release date	Album	Label	!align="left"
	align="left"|''I'm Going On'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''Go Tell Somebody'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''On The Winning Side'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''Will You Be Ready?'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''Ordinary Just Won't Do'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''State of Mind'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''Number 7'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''Matters of the Heart'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"
			align="left"
			align="left"| Gold - Platinum - 2x Platinum -
			align="left"
	align="left"|''The Commissioned Reunion Live'' (Commissioned)
	align="left"|''Praise & Worship'' (Commissioned)	align="left"

Notable singles

Release date	Song	Album	Note
		align="left"
		align="left"	align="left"

Billboard chart history

Albums

Year	Album	Chart	Peak
	align="left"|''Matters of the Heart'' - (Commissioned)
			29

Awards

Award wins

Dove AwardsDove AwardsDove AwardsDove AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsDove AwardsStellar AwardsGrammy Awards

Year !! Award-giving body !! Award category !! Song /Album title
1992	Dove Awards	Inspirational Album
1992	|	Contemporary Gospel Album	'' Handel's Messiah: A Soulful Celebration'' (with Mervyn Warren, George Duke, David Pack, Patti Austin, Take 6, Gary Hines, Robert Sadin, Richard Smallwood, and The Yellowjackets)
1998	|	Contemporary Gospel Song	''Let the Praise Begin'' (with Radical for Christ)
1999	|	Contemporary Gospel Song	''Power'' (with Radical For Christ)
2000	|	Contemporary Gospel Album	''Purpose By Design'' (with Radical for Christ)
2001	|	Male Vocalist of the Year	''Purpose by Design''
2001	|	Producer of the Year	''Purpose by Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	Contemporary Male Vocalist of the Year	''Purpose By Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	Urban Album	''Just Remember Christmas''
2005	|	Producer of the Year	''Somethin' 'Bout Love''
2008	|	Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album	''Free To Worship''

Award nominations

Grammy AwardsDove AwardsDove AwardsGrammy AwardsGrammy AwardsGrammy AwardsDove AwardsDove AwardsDove AwardsSoul Train AwardsGrammy AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsDove AwardsStellar AwardsGrammy AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsGrammy AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsGrammy AwardsGrammy AwardsGrammy AwardsGrammy AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsStellar AwardsGrammy Awards

Year !! Award-giving body !! Award category !! Song /Album title
1989	Grammy Awards
1991	|	Best Pop Gospel Album	Commissioned (gospel group)>Commissioned)
1992	|	Inspirational Album (Winner)	''Generation to Generation'' (with Larnelle Harris, Matthew Ward, Glad, 4Him, Dallas Holm, Kelly Nelon Thompson, Billy & Sarah Gaines, and Dana Key)
1992	|	Contemporary Gospel Album (Winner)	'' Handel's Messiah: A Soulful Celebration'' (with Mervyn Warren, George Duke, David Pack, Patti Austin, Take 6, Gary Hines, Robert Sadin, Richard Smallwood, and The Yellowjackets,)
1994	|	Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album	Commissioned (gospel group)>Commissioned)
1996	|	Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album	''Shakin' the House'' (with Hezekiah Walker and Yolanda Adams)
1998	|	Contemporary Soul Gospel Album	''Pages of Life: Chapters 1 and 2'' (with Radical for Christ)
1998	|	Contemporary Gospel Song (Winner)	''Let the Praise Begin'' (with Radical for Christ)
1999	|	Contemporary Gospel Song (Winner)	''Power'' (with Radical For Christ)
2000	|	Contemporary Gospel Album (Winner)	''Purpose By Design'' (with Radical for Christ)
2000	|	Best Gospel Album	''Pages of Life Chapter 1 and 2''
2001	|	Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album	''In Case You Missed It...And Then Some''
2001	|	Male Vocalist of the Year (Winner)	''Purpose by Design''
2001	|	Choir of the Year	''Purpose by Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	Producer of the Year (Winner)	''Purpose by Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	Producer of the Year	Jimmy Jam & Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis>Terry Lewis, Jarren Campbell, Richard Smallwood and Kevin Bond)
2001	|	Contemporary Group/Duo of the Year	''Purpose By Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	CD of the Year	''Purpose By Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	Contemporary Male Vocalist of the Year (Winner)	''Purpose By Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	Contemporary Choir of the Year	''Purpose By Design'' (with Radical For Christ)
2001	|	Urban Album (Winner)	''Just Remember...Christmas''
2002	|	Song of the Year	''King of Glory''
2002	|	Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album	''Speak Those Things: POL Chapter 3''
2002	|	Producer of the Year	''Commissioned Reunion Live''
2002	|	Group/Duo of the Year	Commissioned (gospel group)>Commissioned)
2002	|	Contemporary Group/Duo of the Year	Commissioned (gospel group)>Commissioned)
2002	|	Contemporary CD of the Year	Commissioned (gospel group)>Commissioned)
2002	|	Special Event CD of the Year	Commissioned (gospel group)>Commissioned)
2002	|	Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album	Commissioned (gospel group)>Commissioned)
2002	|	Contemporary Male Vocalist of the Year	''Fred Hammond Christmas...Just Remember''
2003	|	Contemporary Male Vocalist of the Year	''Speak Those Things: POL Chapter 3''
2004	|	Contemporary Gospel Album of the Year	'' Somethin' Bout Love''
2004	|	Contemporary Gospel Song of the Year	''Celebrate (He Lives)'' (with Noel Hall and Darryl Dixon)
2004	|	Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album	''Somethin' 'bout Love''
2004	|	Best Gospel Performance	''Celebrate (He Lives)''
2005	|	Artist of the Year	''Somethin' 'Bout Love''
2005	|	Song of the Year	''Celebrate (He Lives)'' (with Noel Hall and Darryl Dixon)
2005	|	Producer of the Year (Winner)	''Somethin' 'Bout Love''
2005	|	CD of the Year	''Somethin' 'Bout Love''
2005	|	Contemporary Male Vocalist of the Year	''Somethin' 'Bout Love''
2005	|	Contemporary CD of the Year	''Somethin' 'Bout Love''
2007	|	Producer of the Year	''Better Than That'' (The Singletons)
2008	|	Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album (Winner)	'' Free To Worship''

Personal life

Fred Hammond has two kids that have appeared on his 2009 album, ''Love Unstoppable''. Hammond was divorced from his wife of 20 years in 2004. He currently resides in Cedar Hill, Texas.

References

External links

www.fhammondfamilyent.com - The Official Fred Hammond Website

Christian Music Central wiki page

Category:Living people Category:African American musicians Category:American gospel singers Category:Urban contemporary gospel musicians Category:Gospel artists from Detroit, Michigan Category:1960 births

de:Fred Hammond pt:Fred Hammond

name	Eddy Huntington
background	solo_singer
born	29 October 1965
genre	Italo disco, Europop
occupation	Singer, teacher
years active	1983–present
label	ZYX
notable instruments	}}

Edward "Eddy" Huntington (born 29 October 1965) is a pop star from the UK, popular in Europe and the former USSR.

Huntington was born in the north east of England and moved to London at the age of 18, where he became a music video extra and model.

He was discovered by Baby records, an Italian record label who took him to Milan to record the song "USSR" written by R. Turatti, M. Chieregato and T. Hooker.

When "USSR" was released throughout Europe in 1986 on ZYX Records it became a hit in mainland Europe and in the Soviet Union and is widely popular to this day. Huntington went on to have other lesser hits including "May Day" and "Meet My Friend". He also released the album ''Bang Bang Baby'' in 1988.

Huntington left the music industry in the early 1990s and trained to become a primary school teacher in the UK. He taught at Eldon Grove Primary School in Hartlepool teaching children in year 1. He provided after school drama and singing lessons as well as everyday lessons. He then moved to Thailand for 2 years with his wife teaching at Bangkok Patana School. There his youngest son was born, which prompted a move back to England, where he is the deputy head of a community primary school.

In 2005 Huntington made a brief return to music opening the Discoteka '80s concerts in Russia. These were two performances of European and Soviet 1980s pop stars held in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, also headlining were; Bonnie Tyler, Alphaville, Sabrina Salerno, Mike Mareen and Savage. Both concerts played to large stadium crowds, appeared on national television and were released on DVD.

References

External links

http://www.disco80.ru/?an=fest2005

Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:English male singers

bg:Едуард Хънтингтън de:Eddy Huntington es:Eddy Huntington it:Eddy Huntington sv:Eddy Huntington

name	Trip Lee
landscape	yes
background	solo_singer
birth name	William Lee Barefield III
birth date	December 17, 1987
origin	Dallas, Texas
instrument	voice
genre	Christian Hip hop, Christian rap, Crunk
years active	2005-present
label	Reach Records
associated acts	116 Clique
website
notable instruments	}}

William Lee Barefield III, better known by his stage name, "Trip Lee", is an American Christian rapper who is signed to Reach Records and has recorded both independently and as a founding member of the 116 Clique. Originally from Dallas, Texas, he now resides in Washington D.C.. He first gained recognition after appearing on the Reach Records website at the age of 16. His debut album, ''If They Only Knew'', was released in 2006. His second album, ''20/20'', was released on May 20, 2008 and performed well at the iTunes Music Store.

Biography

William Lee Barefield III, better known as Trip Lee, was born and raised in Dallas, TX. As a young boy, Lee had dreams of being a professional athlete or famous rapper, and he began to hone his lyrical skills at the age of 12. “I rapped about random stuff…how hot I was, how many girls I could pull,” Trip says. But upon giving his life to Christ, at age 14, his focus changed from fortune, fame, and women to serving and ministering the Gospel.

Lee slowly recognized that all of his life should be centered around Christ. “One day, I just decided, I’m only doing Christian hip hop. Rappers like Ambassador and Da Truth helped provide a model for how I would begin to do that,” he says. He also had an immense desire to learn and teach the Word of God, so he became a leader in his youth group and preached his first sermon at age 17.

In 2004, Lee met Lecrae at a concert; months later, after talking and building with each other, Lecrae began to disciple him. While still in high school, Lee was given the opportunity to pen a few devotionals for the Reach Records website that dealt with theological matters and showcased his spiritual maturity.

Lee signed with Reach Records, and his debut album, ''If They Only Knew'', was released a few days after his high school graduation. His first full-length album introduced hip-hop fans to his distinct southern sound, unique delivery and gospel-saturated lyrics. That same year, he was also featured on the Dove Award-nominated, ''Jesus Muzik'' with label mate Lecrae.

His second album, ''20/20'', was released in 2008 and garnered much success, breaking into the Billboard Top 200 and reaching #11 on the Billboard Christian albums chart and #4 on the Gospel chart. Back with his third studio album, ''Between Two Worlds'', Lee offers a collection of reflections on life in a fallen world. His hope is that his reflections not only resonate with listeners, but also point to Jesus as the Hero.

Since his first album release, Trip has traveled the world doing concerts for thousands of listeners, and his last three summers have been spent on tours (national and international) with his Reach label mates. His Christ-centered hip-hop message has also built a platform for him among churches and other Christian organizations, which has led to numerous opportunities to preach and teach at conferences and other events.

Lee now resides in Washington D.C. with his wife. Lee’s unending desire is to proclaim the grace and beauty of Jesus Christ to anyone that will listen; ultimately, he hopes this journey will someday lead to pastoring a church.

Lee released two new singles "Brag On My Lord" and "King Like Mine", the latter featuring Alex Medina, on March 29, 2011.

Discography

Albums

;Solo

		Album details	Peak chart positions
	!		!	!	!	USGospel
2006				* First studio album	* Release date: May 26, 2006	* Label: Reach Records	-	-	-	-	-
2008	style="text-align:left;"			* Second studio album	* Release date: May 20, 2008	* Label: Reach Records	193	11	4	-	4
2010	style="text-align:left;"			* Third studio album	* Release date: June 22, 2010	* Label: Reach Records	58	1	8	10	1

;With the 116 Clique

''The Compilation Album'' (2005)

''The Compilation Album: Chopped & Screwed'' (2006)

''13 Letters'' (2007)

''Amped'' (2007)

Singles

;Solo

"The Invasion (Hero)" (featuring Jai)

"No Worries"

"Brag On My Lord"

"King Like Mine" (featuring Alex Medina)

;With 116 Clique

"Man Up Anthem"

;Guest Appearances

"In Ya Hood (Cypha Remix)" (Tedashii featuring Thi'sl, Json, Sho Baraka & Lecrae)

"We Did" (Tedashii)

"Jesus Muzik" (Lecrae)

"Holla At Me" (Everyday Process)

"The Last Cypha" (The Cross Movement feat. R-Swift, Everyday Process, Da' T.R.U.T.H. & FLAME)

"Price Tag" (Da' T.R.U.T.H.)

"Slow It Down (Simplify Your Life)" (Sho Baraka)

"What It Do" (Json featuring Titus)

"Checkin' For My God (Remix)" (The Ambassador featuring Lecrae)

"Fall Back" (Lecrae)

"I Been Redeemed" (FLAME)

"Ridaz" (J.R. feat. Da' T.R.U.T.H. & Iz-Real)

"I'm a Believer" (Tedashii featuring Soyé)

"Transformers" (Tedashii featuring Lecrae)

"Trumpet Blow" (Da' T.R.U.T.H.)

"Where Ya At" (Legacy Conference)

"Get Busy" (DJ Official)

"40 Deep" (Lecrae featuring Tedashii)

"Revolutionary Died" (Sho Baraka)

"The Rising" (Sho Baraka)

"Grace Amazing" (Jimmy Needham)

"Conversion" (Lamp Mode Recordings)

"We Can Be More (Gentlemen's Remix) (Sho Baraka featuring JR, Alex Medina & FLAME)

"Gentleness" (B3AR FRUIT)

"No One Greater" (PRo featuring Json)

Music Videos

;Solo

"Real Vision" (featuring Tedashii)

"The Invasion (Hero)" (featuring Jai)

;Guest Appearances

"Jesus Muzik" (Lecrae)

"Grace Amazing" (Jimmy Needham)

See also

116 Clique

Reach Records

References

External links

Reach Records

Category:1987 births Category:African American rappers Category:American Christians Category:American evangelicals Category:Religious activists Category:Hip hop singers Category:African American poets Category:East Coast hip hop musicians Category:Philadelphia Biblical University alumni Category:Cross Movement Records Category:Performers of Christian hip hop music Category:Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:Living people

Paris Reidhead (May 30. 1919 - March 23, 1992) was a Christian missionary, teacher, writer, and advocate of economic development in impoverished nations.

Reidhead was born in a Minnesota farming community in 1919. When in his late teens, he committed himself to a life of Christian service.

In 1945, Reidhead took an assignment with the Sudan Interior Mission (SIM), surveying and analyzing indigenous languages in preparation for evangelistic and educational efforts near the Sudan-Ethiopia border. His proficiency in tribal languages was noted by his contemporaries. Reidhead's experiences in Sudan deeply impacted the core values that would later guide his life.

A spiritual crisis during this period—as he described two decades later in what is probably his best-known recorded teaching, "Ten Shekels and a Shirt"--left Reidhead with the conviction that much of evangelicalism had adopted utilitarian and humanistic philosophies contradictory to Biblical teaching. The end of all being, he came to believe, was not the happiness of man, but the glorification of God. This theme would recur throughout his later teaching.

Upon his return to the United States in 1949, Reidhead was appointed Deputation Secretary of the SIM. He associated himself with the Christian and Missionary Alliance movement and in 1953 began teaching at national conferences. Three years later he took a position as pastor at New York City's Gospel Tabernacle, which had been established in 1887 by A. B. Simpson. While in New York, he drew on informational resources at the United Nations to pioneer a program through which government and private funds were used for economic development in the Third World. His efforts to implement local programs on this model took him to mission fields in Africa, Asia, and South America.

Reidhead's involvement with the Sudanese also inspired him to seek a means to enable impoverished people in developing nations to help themselves and their families rise out of poverty. Third World development became his full-time commitment in 1966. His vision of public-private funding for economic development led, in 1971, to the formation of the Institute for International Development which has served as the model for about 90 evangelical organizations. In 1985, he helped found Enterprise Development International (EDI), a nonprofit Christian faith-based organization that works in partnership with local Christian groups to transfer the necessary training and capital to help entrepreneurs start sustainable family businesses.

Paris Reidhead died in Woodbridge, Virginia in 1992.

References

Books by Paris Reidhead

''Beyond Petition; Six Steps to Successful Praying.'' Minneapolis: Dimension Books, 1974.

''Beyond Believing.'' Minneapolis: Bethany Fellowship, 1976.

''Getting Evangelicals Saved.'' Minneapolis: Bethany House Publishers, 1989.

External links

Paris Reidhead Bible Teaching Ministries

"Ten Shekels and a Shirt" formatted for printing (free download, non-commercial site)

References

"Ten Shekels and a Shirt" free audio recording

Category:Christian religious leaders Category:Christian missionaries in Ethiopia Category:Christian missionaries in Sudan Category:American Christian missionaries Category:American evangelicals Category:Members of the Christian and Missionary Alliance Category:1919 births Category:1992 deaths